LoRa equipment can have various security modes: But in this case, 100% of the security remains in people's hands, as it does not provide encryption and integrity as LoRaWAN does. It is also possible to use raw MAC communication to send commands and messages directly like in P2P (Peer-to-Peer) for example. LoRaWAN is not mandatory when using a LoRa device. The following picture shows the classic architecture of a LoRaWAN network: LoRaWAN architecture (source: ) This layer communicates between LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) gateways. The second layer is LoRaWAN, the cloud-based MAC (Medium Access Control) layer protocol. As this layer is proprietary and the only references are the provided specification, it is possible to encounter incompatible devices in practice. However, Semtech has provided an overview of the modulation and some specifications. This part was made by Semtech and is proprietary, so there is no freely available documentation of this layer. The first one is called LoRa PHY, the proprietary lower physical layer. and sometimes very long-range like 702 Km.2-3 Km wide coverage outdoor in urban areas.Theoretically, we can expect the following ranges depending on different factors (indoor/outdoor gateways), as well as the environment: LoRa is used for long-range transmissions. This technology uses license-free Sub-GigaHertz bands:Īn exhaustive list of frequencies per country can be found here. LoRA (Long Range) is LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) technology that is used in many cases: Our resources for interpreting decoded LoRa signal: LoRa Craft.(Optionally) A LoRa dongle that can transmit arbitrary MAC payloads like MK002 series, or the Microchip RN2483 that is supported by python-loranode.An SDR device (USRP, HackRF, RTL-SDR, or any other at least with RX support and supported by GNU Radio).A set LoRa targets: an end device and a gateway could be great.Some basics in RF: you can also join our next training from 10th to the 13th of February 2020 in Berlin.
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